Introduction
to
“River
Water Resources of Pakistan”
&
Research,Idea
and Establishment
of
“Pakistan Rivers Research Center”
There are
hundereds of small and large rivers beside the largest 5 rivers in Pakistan.
There is no such a research center in this regard till now and there is a vital
need to support this issue. We have made a very detail,comprehensive,innovative
and sustainable research,assessment and survey on Rivers issues in Pakistan and
found out the there is a very wide potential of working in this sector. During
the research and assessment with the people living near rivers and depending on
rivers we found out the such a center will play a key role in leading the
issues of rivers in Pakistan.
We view
the river basin as the basic geographic, cultural, social and ecological unit
for any development. Most of the present problems related to water scarcity,
inequity in sharing natural resources, conflicts over resource use and
exploitation of natural resources is due to the lack of holistic vision of a
participatory river basin level resources conservation, development and
management. Our mission is to try to understand the present scenario of river
basin level resources development and management being followed, it’s inherent
flaws and goodness, analyze the problems and possible consequences, evolve
corrective measures through research based campaigns and advocacy, intervene at
policy level and help people to take the right decisions on the long term
sustenance of their river basins to avoid further degradation of rivers in
Pakistan.
As
everybody knows that the Pakistani farming community,people,economcy and
society is heavily dependent on rivers directly or indirectly thus the issues
facing rivers solution will have a very positive impacts. We will work with an
international network of dam-affected people, grassroots organizations,
environmentalists, human rights advocates and others who are committed to
stopping destructive river projects and promoting better options.
We seek a
world where healthy rivers and the rights of local communities are valued and
protected. We envision a world where water and energy needs are met without
degrading nature or increasing poverty, and where people have the right to
participate in decisions that affect their lives.
Our volunteer
members and staff has expertise in water resources research, big dams, energy
and water policy, climate change, and international financial institutions. We will
support partner organizations,government and non government
departments,institutions and dam-affected people by providing advice, training
and technical assistance, and advocating on their behalf with governments,
banks, companies and international agencies. The focus of our work will be from
Gilgit to Karachi in all over Pakistan’s both small and large rivers.
How Will We Work
“Pakistan
Rivers Research Center” will work to protect rivers and their rights as well as
the rights of communities dependent on it as a directly or indirectly
livelihood source, and promote real solutions for meeting water, energy and
flood management needs.
This is how we will do it:
We will
play a central role in building the National river protection movement in
Pakistan and will continually work to broaden and strengthen its reach. We will
foster grassroots organizations in Pakistan to promote the leadership of our
local communities directly affected from the problems of rivers by providing
technical and strategic advice, and bringing them together at national meetings.
The promotion of Pakistan rivers issues will bring the central focus,interest
and attractions of people because the rivers issues have great importance for
them. The absence of rivers forum in Pakistan made no representation in the
country and “Pakistan Rivers Research Center” will be able to fill this great
vacume since independence of this country.
Promoting Potamology &
Limnology in Pakistan as the “Study of Rivers and inland water”.
“Pakistan
Rivers Research Center” will be very useful that it will introduce the study of
rivers topomology first time in the history of Pakistan in the country. Potamology
is the scientific study of rivers while limnology is the study of inland waters
in general. The potamology in Pakistan with help of “Pakistan Rivers Research
Center” will continuously grow and
evolve. We are confident this initiative will inspire individuals and
institutions in Pakistan from the field of potamology, fostering collaboration
and a greater understanding of this field.
The study of rivers needs to be the most
important issue to be promoted and developed in Pakistani universities,
government departments and public/private institutions.
An
introduction to the study of Rivers by “Pakistan Rivers Research Center” in the
future in Universities,institutions and organizations
A river
is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean,
sea, lake or another river.
In some cases a river flows into the ground and
becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water.
Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook,
rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river
as applied to geographic features,although in some countries or communities a stream
is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic
location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, or
Europe "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck"
in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek,
but not always: the language is vague.
Changing
the Terms of the Debate
We will work
to reform the top-down and opaque decision-making processes that will have
traditionally accompanied large infrastructure projects. Rivers in Pakistan are
the main source of hydropower industry’s which can exploit concerns over
climate change.
Contol
of river flooding and protecting its water sources
Rivers,
especially big ones, can cause a lot of mayhem. When they flood, they destroy
livelihoods, cause economic damage and kill people. It’s no surprise then that
humans, being the clever creatures that we are, try and stop rivers from
flooding using whatever resources we have. Unfortunately, rivers, like most
things in nature, are powerful & unpredictable. Stopping rivers from
flooding full stop isn’t possible but we can do a lot to mitigate and manage the
risks that arise from flooding.
Flood
management strategies generally involve multiple engineering projects that can
fall under one of two categories. Hard engineering projects are ones that
involve the construction of artificial structures that, through a combination
of science, technology and a bit of brute force, prevent a river from flooding.
Soft engineering projects are the opposite. These projects use natural
resources and local people’s knowledge of the river to reduce the risk posed by
a flood.
Soft
engineering projects focus more on reducing the impacts of a flood rather than
preventing one. The biggest
advantage of soft engineering is cost. Soft engineering projects are
significantly cheaper than hard engineering projects making them more suitable
for less developed countries like Pakistan. They also have lower education
& technology requirements so they can be implemented by local people in
remote parts of poor countries like Pakistan.
Soft
engineering projects are more sustainable than their hard engineering
counterparts. Soft engineering projects are low maintenance and low cost unlike
hard engineering projects. In addition, they don’t disturb the natural
processes and ecological systems in a river basin instead choosing to integrate
with them and in some cases improve them.
Hard Engineering Techniques
Dams
Dams are
the classic hard engineering solution to flooding problems. A dam is a giant
wall built across a river’s channel to impede its flow. Water builds up behind
the dam and forms a reservoir which can then be steadily drained at a
controlled rate over time. This helps keep discharge downstream of the dam low
even during prolonged heavy rainfall.
Besides
being highly effective at reducing the risk of flooding, dams can also be used
to generate hydroelectric power that can bring economic benefits to an area by
attracting manufacturing factories or being exported to other countries. The
reservoir that develops behind a dam can be used as a drinking source or for
leisure activities.
Despite
these benefits, dams have some damn big problems as well. Dams are among the
most expensive of all hard engineering techniques and require access to lots of
raw materials like concrete and steel. They also have a huge impact on the
local environment. The area behind a dam has to be flooded which destroys
habitats and forces people out of their homes. Dams disrupt the processes that
take place within a river too by, for example, preventing sediment from being
transported downstream. This can result in landforms like deltas being
destroyed which can in turn result in the destruction of more habitats. When
sediment gets trapped behind a dam, it can change the chemical composition of
the water behind the dam which can kill aquatic animals living upstream.
Dams pose
a huge risk too. They store thousands of litres of water behind them so if they
were to fail, they’d cause widespread death and damage downstream as all the
water is released at once.
(Artificial)
Levées
Artificial
levées are, well, artificial versions of their natural counterparts. They act
as embankments, essentially extending the channel’s height and increasing its
bankfull discharge. Unlike natural levées, artificial levées are significantly
larger and are generally constructed out of a material like concrete that is
resistant to erosion. The main advantage of an artificial levée is that it
allows the floodplain to be built on. This is their downfall though as they
encourage the development of the floodplain which can increase the risk of
flooding. Furthermore, if they did fail, like
the embankments along the Indus basin, the damage from the flood
would be far worse than if the embankments didn’t exist.
Floodplain zoning involves placing restrictions on land usage in the
areas surrounding a river. Essentially, construction is unlimited outside of
the floodplain but the floodplain itself is limited to the construction of
public outdoor facilities like playing fields and parks. This has several
effects in reducing the risk and impact of flooding. Obviously if no one is
allowed to build on a floodplain then the damage caused by the river flooding
will be greatly reduced because there isn’t much to damage. In addition,
floodplain zoning ensures that land on the floodplain isn’t urbanised so
infiltration can occur and surface run off is reduced. This reduces the likelihood
of a river flooding.
River restoration is a good thing if it’s done properly as allowing
the river to take its natural course prevents and reverts any environmental and
ecological damage introduced by hard engineering projects. River restoration
also has as good as 0 maintenance costs making it very cheap.
Many of those that were relocated lived on less than $1/day and were
simple farmers who lacked any sort of skills. When they were moved to the new
cities, they struggled to find work as there were relatively few agricultural
jobs and they had no training for other sorts of jobs. This has exacerbated the
poverty situation.
Seeking to protect the National rivers from destructive degradation
and amplify the voices of desertation, drought and flood-affected communities.
Our vision for Pakistani rivers is simple and yet remarkably ambitious: to
develop a national network of people working to protect rivers and promote just
and sustainable water and energy development.
Volunteers and interns are vital to helping accomplish National
Rivers’s work. Past projects have included organizing a local protest, doing
research for a report on dams in Central America, and helping out with
mailings. We will convince the Pakistani citizens to have a few hours a day or
a few hours a month to volunteer.We will convince them to find out how they can
get involved.
Wing
Dykes
Wing
dykes are slats that are placed in a river’s channel at ~90˚ to the banks.
Generally they’ll be placed in pairs on either side of the channel with a gap
between them that allows boats to pass through them. Behind dykes, sediment
builds up and the channel is narrowed, forcing water to flow faster. This helps
reduce the risk of flooding by getting water away from an area at risk of
flooding as quickly as possible, preventing a build up of water. They also aid
navigation greatly. While wing dykes reduce the risk of flooding in one area,
downstream of a river they can increase the risk of flooding making them only
useful in sparsely populated areas.
Channel
Straightening
This
technique kind of speaks for itself. By blocking off meanders and constructing
alternate, straighter routes across meanders, the river starts to flow faster.
Like with wing dykes, this moves water through the river faster preventing it
from pooling and so reducing the risk of a flood. A straightened channel is
faster to navigate too, a nice benefit of channel straightening.
Like with
wing dykes, this technique has several problems. Downstream of a straightened
section of a channel, flooding becomes more likely. In addition, erosion is
stronger downstream because the river has a lot more kinetic energy.
Diversion
Spillways
Diversion
spillways are artificial channels that a river can flow into when its discharge
rises. These channels move water around an area at risk of flooding and send it
either back into the river (but further downstream) or into another river.
Spillways generally have floodgates on them that can be used to control the
volume of water in the spillway.
Spillways
pose a threat to areas near the confluence between the spillway and whichever
river it flows into as the discharge here will be increased and so too will the
risk of flooding. In addition, the path that spillways take can take water
around areas not usually used to flooding. If the spillway was to fail for some
reason, this could cause widespread damage.
Soft Engineering Techniques to protect
water resources and flooding in Rivers of Pakistan
Floodplain Zoning
The
problem with floodplain zoning is that it limits development to certain areas.
In addition, if a floodplain has already been developed on, there isn’t
anything that can be done to un-develop it without forcing people off of the
floodplain.
Afforestation
Afforestation
involves the planting of trees in a drainage basin to increase interception and
storage while reducing surface run off. This reduces a river’s discharge and so
makes it less likely to flood. Afforestation also prevents mass wasting which
reduces the amount of soil entering the river and keeps the river’s capacity
high. When combined with floodplain zoning, afforestation can be very effective
at reducing the risk of flooding.
Afforestation
has the benefit of creating new habitats for animals and improving water
quality by filtering pollutants out of rainwater. The issue with afforestation
is that it requires quite a lot of space to be effective and could prove
unpopular among famers on the floodplain as they won’t be too happy with trees
sapping nutrients from the soil. This issue can be combated somewhat by
creating riparian buffers, thin vegetated strips of land that run adjacent to a
river’s channel.
Wetland Restoration
Wetland
restoration involves creating conditions that are favourable for the
development of wetlands (marshes or swamps). Wetlands are able to store large
volumes of water which helps to reduce the discharge in a river. Wetlands don’t
reduce flooding where they are located but rather downstream of the river. They
have the added benefit of creating new habitats for animals and greatly
increasing biodiversity. They reduce the area of land available for farming though
which makes them unpopular among farmers.
River Restoration
River
restoration involves restoring a river that has undergone hard engineering back
to its original course. This can involve un-straightening a channel, removing
artificial levees, diversion spillways & wing dykes. This may seem silly as
it is going to reintroduce flooding back in the area where these structures
were located but, if this land is no longer valuable, river restoration can
help reduce the risk of flooding downstream.
The
issues arise when river restoration takes place in areas that are still being
used by people. I said previously that river restoration can be used where land
is no longer valuable. Well, what defines valuable? Farmland? A small village?
A town? This decision comes down to the local environmental agency. If they
make the wrong call, the restoration project can cause a lot of damage.
Economic Impacts of Rivers in
Pakistan
The
overall cost of the dam is large but it has good sustainable development
impacts. It is feasable then other sources by generating electricity. The hydro
power is the most good renewable source of energy generated from rivers and
dams in Pakistan.
Overall
the dam will have a positive effect on Pakistan’s economy as the dam aids the
navigability of the making it slower and deepening the channel. This can help
increase the trade capacity of the river which acts as one of the largest
transportation networks for trade within Pakistan. The dam will also reduce
Pakistan’s dependency on coal meaning that it doesn’t have to spend as much on
mining or importing coal.
The
reduction in the risk of flooding will save money in the long run because there
will be less economic damage in the future. The inundation of land behind the
dam however is costly because many factories were located behind the dam and
had to be relocated, often at a high cost. In addition, the lack of annual
flooding means that much of the farmland that is located on the Pakistan’s
floodplain will gradually become less fertile, reducing agricultural yield.
Social impacts of Rivers in
Pakistan
The dam
has succeeded in reducing the risk of flooding, taking the recurrence interval
for large floods from 1 in 10 years to 1 in 100 years. Nonetheless, the Dams
has had some huge negative social impacts. Over million people were required to
leave their homes as they were going to be inundated by the dam’s reservoir.
The people who refused to leave were forcibly removed from their homes. The
reservoir ended up flooding cities and hundreds of villages. Those that were
displaced were relocated to cities that had been specially constructed for the
dam.
The land
that was flooded was home to hundreds of cultural relics, archaeological sites
and family burial grounds that date back to the Palaeolithic era. Some cultural
sites, such as the historical sites, were moved but many were not and there is
thought to be hundreds of undiscovered archeological sites that have been
destroyed.
The dam
brought about few positive social impacts. Primarily, for many of the people
living in poverty who were displaced, the new homes they were given represented
a substantial step up in terms of quality and living standards.
Environmental impacts of Rivers
in Pakistan
The Three
Dams has already caused some environmental problems and is expected to continue
to do so for the rest of its existence.
The
blocked sediment will alter the chemical composition of water upstream from the
dam. This, in turn, will result in a reduction in biodiversity and the
potential extinction of several species of animals. Given that the river is one
of the main dumping grounds of industrial & household waste, this wildlife
threat will only grow larger. The waste will, like sediment, collect behind the
dam, poisoning the water behind it.
While the
lack of annual flooding of the Pakistan is good, from an environmental
perspective it is very bad as the farmers who relied on the fertile soil
produced by floods will now have to use artificial fertiliser that will drain
into the river and pollute the downstream section of the river.
Raising
Awareness in Pakistan’s print & electronic media about Rivers issues
Through
publications, presentations and media outreach, we will raise the visibility of
the deplorable environmental, economic and negative affects of
desertation,flooding,drought and the viability of better options. We will provide
information on a wide range of water and energy issues and we put journalists
in contact with people directly affected by degradation of rivers in Pakistan.
Promoting
Solutions of Rivers related issues in Pakistan
We will
generate awareness that efficiency and small-scale, decentralized and renewable
solutions are essential for meeting water and energy needs, alleviating poverty
and protecting the planet. We will promote the best water and energy options
and the recommendations of the Rivers for energy agriculture, irrigation and
water planning.
Our
History & future Accomplishments of Rivers in Pakistan
We will
prove to the people of Pakistan that the Rivers are an integral part of their
collective struggle about improving their livelihood and environment.
Get Involved
We will
invite the citizens,government and non-government organizations,University
departments and institutions to get involved in our activities as
activists,volunteers, partners and contributors.
Be The Change
There are
dozens of things we can do to protect rivers and watersheds, from reducing
water consumption to writing letters to decision-makers to joining efforts.
Take
Action!
All over
the world, people are fighting to protect their rivers and communities
proposing truly sustainable solutions to their water and energy needs. Your
help is critical for their struggles to succeed.
Join Our NewsStream
When
things are heating up in watersheds around the world, we’ll send Pakistani
citizens an updates on how they can help. By joining our voices with other
River People around the world, we have a better chance of making change and
protecting rivers and the communities who depend on them.
Attend An Event
We and
our partners will host all sorts of events, including community education,
talks at universities, celebrations and protests. Find an event near you and
join in, or host your own and let us know about it!
To Organize National Day Of
Action For Rivers in Pakistan:
Every
year, river lovers in Pakistan, environmental and human rights groups will hold
events to celebrate healthy rivers and weigh in on unjust development projects.
Volunteer With
International Rivers campaigns
Become A Supporting
Member Of International Rivers
By joining
International Rivers, we can add our voice to thousands of people around the
world working to halt and reverse the destruction of the Earth’s rivers.
International Rivers depends on the generous support of foundations and
individuals and phelantropists.
The Movement for Rivers and Rights
Social movements,
NGOs and academics Will come forward to protect rivers, defend community rights
and advance truly sustainable solutions at the confluence of water and energy
policy. Our regional networks in
Pakistan will have become one of the most effective and sustained civil society
movements, representing the interests of the citizens.
It will
purpose is to promote solidarity among member groups; amplify participants'
voices in important country-wide discussions; and promote the recommendations
for the sustainable solutions of rivers issues. There is the need for a
grassroots river-issues in Pakistan and this organization will do it. They have
since begun to tackle major regional river-development schemes that would have
negative social and environmental effects and inequitable benefit-sharing.
The civil
society organizations, academics, and community movements have to built
determined local coalitions committed to defending the region’s rivers. As
widespread environmental degradation threatens many rivers shared between
countries, these groups also work together in regional coalitions and are
joined by a wide network of global supporters.
Citizens
in Pakistan participate in a long march from March 2nd to March 14th, 2010 to
support the rehabilitation and restoration of the Indus River Delta. Citizens
in Pakistan walked from March 2nd to 14th, 2010 to support the rehabilitation
and restoration of the Indus River Delta.
Here are some ways you can get
involved!
Campaign Actions
From
street rallies to online petitions, our community is actively engaged in
calling on decision makers to preserve our precious rivers, protect our human
rights, and implement truly sustainable solutions to our water and energy
needs.
Connect with the Community
Through
the power of social networks and social media, people are able to organize and
connect with each other as never before. Choose where you want to have
conversations with us and our partners. Since long, thousands of people around
the world lift their voices to celebrate the world's rivers and those who
struggle to protect them every year. We
will gather river stories to inspire, engage, and connect with one
another. By sharing our stories and weaving them together, we can paint a
powerful image of the importance of Pakistan’s rivers.
Events
to be done by this resource center in Pakistan
We and
our partners will host all sorts of events, including community education,
talks at universities, celebrations and protests.
Support
the Movement for Rivers and Rights
Each of
us together makes the movement stronger than simply the sum of its parts. By
becoming a sustaining member or making a donation, you help keep the this
Pakistani movement for rivers and rights flourishing.
The
History,Geography and Economics of Rivers in Pakistan
The Indus
River is the lifeline of Pakistan. Without the Indus and its tributaries, the
land would have turned into a barren desert long ago. The Indus originates in
Tibet from the glacial streams of the Himalayas and enters Pakistan in the
northeast. It runs generally southwestward the entire length of Pakistan, about
2,900 km (1,800 mi), and empties into the Arabian Sea. The Indus and its
tributaries provide water to two-thirds of Pakistan. The principal tributaries
of the Indus are the Sutlej, Beas, Chenab, Ravi, and Jhelum rivers. In southwestern
Punjab Province these rivers merge to form the Panjnad (“Five Rivers”), which
then merges with the Indus to form a mighty river. As the Indus approaches the
Arabian Sea, it spreads out to form a delta. Much of the delta is marshy and
swampy. It includes 225,000 hectares (556,000 acres) of mangrove forests and
swamps. To the west of the delta is the seaport of Karāchi; to the east the
delta fans into the salt marshes known as the Rann of Kutch.
This is a
list of rivers wholly or partly in Pakistan, organised geographically by river
basin, from west to east. Tributaries are listed from the mouth to the source.
The
longest and the largest river in Pakistan is the Indus River. Around two-thirds
of water supplied for irrigation and in homes come from the Indus and its
associated rivers.
Flowing
into the Arabian Sea (flowing only in rainy season during smaller part of year
may or may not reach sea)
Porali River
Swat River
Dasht
River (Urdu: دریائے دشت)
Kech
River
Basol
River
Hingol
River (Urdu: دریائے ہنگول)
Nal River
Hub River
(Urdu: دریائے حب)
Orangi
Nala
Malir
River (Urdu:دریائے ملير )
Lyari
River (Urdu:لیاری ندی)(no more river only drain now)
Gujjar
Nala(no more river only drain now)
Indus
River Basin[edit]
Indus
River
Panjnad
River (Urdu: پنجند)
Chenab
River
Ravi River
Ojh Nadi
River
Jehlum
River or Jhelum River
Poonch
River
Kunhar
River
Neelum
River or Kishanganga
Tawi
River
Manawar
Tavi River
Sutlej
River
Gomal
River
Kundar
River
Zhob
River
Kurrum
River or Karam River (Urdu: دریائے کرم )
Tochi
River, sometimes referred to as the Gambila River
Soan
River (Urdu: دریائے سون)
Ling
stream
Haro
River
Kabul
River
River
Jindi
Panjkora
River
Bara
River
Kunar
River (Kunar Rud)
Lutkho
River
Siran
River
Tangir
River
Astore
River
Rupal
River, rising from the melt water of the Rupal Glacier
Gilgit
River
Hunza
River
Naltar
River
Hispar
River
Shimshal
River
Chapursan
River
Misgar
River
Khunjerab
River
Ishkuman
River
Yasin
River
Satpara
Stream
Shigar
River (Urdu: دریائے شگر ), formed from the melting water of the Baltoro Glacier and
Biafo Glacier.
Braldu
River
Shyok
River
Saltoro
River
Hushe
River
Nubra
River, rising from the meltwater of the Siachen Glacier
Suru
River
Dras
River
Shingo
River
It is
dedicated to the study of great river systems and the communities that use
them. The center aspires to be a leader in scholarly research, education, and
outreach related to the interconnectedness of large rivers, their floodplains,
watersheds, and their associated communities in Pakistan.
Our
Mission
The
center's scholars and scientists study the ecology of the big rivers, the
workings of the watersheds that feed them, and the ties to the river
communities that use them.
Our
Goals and Functions
To
conduct research that makes significant contributions to our understanding of
big rivers and their watersheds in Pakistan we have to get a well detailed
assessmen, research and survey on this issue. Actively solicit community and
other stakeholder input will be needed to ensure that our research is truly
relevant and responsive to societal needs. To promote the use of adaptive
management and continuous improvement strategies that regularly apply lessons
learned from the river/watershed sites to ongoing sustainable management
practices, continuing research, and policy development in Pakistan.
To
develop and implement education and outreach programs that foster a greater
understanding and appreciation for the great rivers and extend and apply
knowledge gained from the research to protect and sustain the quality of river
environments in Pakistan.
Professional
Development
The
Center will also offers workshops, symposia and professional development
courses for researchers, educators, practicing ecologists and others working in
fields related to the environmental sciences.
The future Research Programs of
“Pakistan Rivers Research Center”
The Pakistan’s
Rivers research programs feature projects that study all aspects of large river
ecology and management. Our experienced team of researchers will brings their
expertise in monitoring natural resources of large rivers and their watersheds,
providing essential information for the sustainable management of these
ecosystems.
We will
have a volunteer stream monitoring program that seeks to engage Pakistani
citizens by training them as Citizen Scientists and volunteers. Each year at
adopted stream sites in their communities, Citizen Scientists or volunteers
will conduct habitat and biological surveys, including the collection and
identification of small stream organisms called macroinvertabrates that serve
as bioindicators of water quality. The program will strives to collect
consistent, high-quality data on the conditions of local streams and provide Pakistani
citizens with a hands-on opportunity to be better stewards of our watersheds.
It will
be as part of the Critical Trends Assessment Project (CTAP), the project to be designed
to conduct a long-term, comprehensive assessment of the environment of
Pakistan’s both large and small rivers. We can even organize a unit in the name
of “Riverwatch Pakistan”. We will envision a collaborative river-monitoring
network of citizens, organizations, agencies, private interests and governments
working together to ensure the health and beauty of Pakistani rivers streams
and watersheds.
Our Vission
“Pakistan
Rivers Research Center” will safeguards the future of Pakistani rivers and
streams through education,media campaigns and sound science. We will utilize
trained volunteers to collect quality assured data on Pakistan’s both small and
large rivers and fosters coordination among groups involved in similar
monitoring efforts.
The
“Pakistan Rivers Research Center” will be a multidisciplinary research
institute composed of geologists, ecologists, wildlife biologists, geographers,
and social scientists. The center will be
positioned in an Islamabad that is
federal city, where some of the nation’s most pristine environments coincide
with ongoing processes of resource extraction, agriculture, industrial activity
and increasing human settlement.
The“Pakistan
Rivers Research Center” research programs will aim to deepen understandings of
the natural, physical and social processes that shape our region.
Working
with our diverse team as well as the experts from the private and public sector
who will make up our steering committee, we hope to further develop
partnerships to expand the scope of our work and opportunities for
undergraduate research in Pakistani universitities and academic institutions.
Developing aquaculture and bio
diversity in Pakistani rivers
This
unique project will be built around partnerships between citizen
scientists,activists and students who can work together with professional
biologists to gather data on reproductive success in all small and large rivers
of Pakistan.
“Pakistan
Rivers Research Center” can increase the production of fish and aquaculture
through an extensive research on Pakistani rivers.It can breed avian predators
of fish and are considered potentially useful contaminant level indicators for
aquatic ecosystems as a sentinel species.
As a potential sentinel species (that eat many of the same fish species
as humans do) osprey may help us understand how industrial development may be
impacting water quality.
“Pakistan
Rivers Research Center” will bring together professional researchers and citizen
scientist. It will make the total
biodiversity via a species list.
Knowing the number and diversity of species in a given area helps us
understand the ecosystems that sustain the clean water, air, and healthy soils
that we all enjoy. “Pakistan Rivers
Research Center” will provide an opportunity to increase the knowledge of a
specific area and generate public awareness and interest from scientists,
researchers and volunteers.
Our Goals
1.
To Promote field-based and
biodiversity research for undergraduates
2.
To Foster collaborative, diversified
and multidisciplinary research
3.
To Improve and maintain
“Pakistan Rivers Research Center” research facilities
4.
To Develop cooperative
agreements and partnerships with external institutions, agencies and the
community
5.
To Support service learning
opportunities and outreach between students and the community
6.
To Maintain and expand
monitoring programs that document ecosystem and geological change
7.
To increase,improve and
develop sources of water of Rivers in form of irrigation,aquaculture,tourism,
environment and renewable energy.
By:
Reach Vulnerable
On
Research on issues of
Pakistani Rivers on platform of
“Pakistan Rivers
Research Center
Thanks & best regards,
Muslim Ullah Khan
Chief Executive,
Reach Vulnerable
Opposite Kidney Hospital Manglor,
District Swat,KP,Pakistan
reach.vulnerable@yahoo.com; reply.rights@gmail.com
Cell: 0343-5725951,0305-9656161 Tel:0946-632866
Muslim Ullah Khan
Chief Executive,
Reach Vulnerable
Opposite Kidney Hospital Manglor,
District Swat,KP,Pakistan
reach.vulnerable@yahoo.com; reply.rights@gmail.com
Cell: 0343-5725951,0305-9656161 Tel:
